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Everything You Need to Know About Asphalt Composition Shingles
If you’re researching roofing options for your home, you’ve probably come across asphalt composition shingles. These shingles are among the most common and trusted roofing materials used today. Known for their durability, affordability, and wide range of styles, asphalt composition shingles are a go-to choice for homeowners across the country.
This comprehensive guide covers everything you need to know about them—from types and lifespan to installation, maintenance, pros and cons, and overall value. Whether you’re replacing an old roof or building a new home, understanding this roofing option can help you make a confident decision.
1. What Are Asphalt Composition Shingles?
Asphalt composition shingles are made by layering materials like fiberglass or organic felt with asphalt and topping them with mineral granules. These layers create a durable and weather-resistant roofing product that also offers flexibility in appearance.
The two main types of asphalt shingle construction include:
- Fiberglass-based shingles: These are lighter, more fire-resistant, and longer-lasting.
- Organic mat-based shingles: Made with a cellulose base, they are heavier and more flexible but less commonly used today.
2. Types of Asphalt Composition Shingles
a) Three-Tab Shingles
These are the most basic and budget-friendly type. They have a flat, uniform appearance and are easy to recognize by their cut-out “tabs.” Typically lasting 15 to 20 years, they are commonly used in economy-focused construction projects.
b) Architectural Shingles
Also known as dimensional shingles, these offer a layered, textured appearance. They’re heavier, more durable, and provide better wind and weather resistance. Architectural shingles often last 25 to 30 years or more with proper care.
c) Designer or Luxury Shingles
These high-end shingles are designed to mimic more expensive materials like slate or wood shakes. They’re the most costly among asphalt options but also the most durable and visually appealing.
3. Lifespan and Durability
The life expectancy of asphalt composition shingles depends on the type, installation quality, weather exposure, and maintenance.
- Three-tab shingles: Usually last between 15–25 years.
- Architectural shingles: Typically last 25–30 years or more.
- Designer shingles: Can last 30–40 years under ideal conditions.
Climate plays a major role. Homes in hot, sunny, or storm-prone areas may see faster wear and tear. Regular inspections and minor repairs can significantly extend the life of your roof.
4. Advantages of Asphalt Composition Shingles
Affordability
These shingles are among the most cost-effective roofing options. While not the cheapest in quality, their balance between price and performance makes them ideal for most budgets.
Wide Variety of Styles and Colors
Asphalt shingles come in a huge array of colors, textures, and styles, allowing homeowners to match virtually any architectural look—from traditional to modern.
Ease of Installation
Because they’re lightweight and flexible, asphalt shingles are easy for professionals to install. They can often be laid over existing shingles, saving on labor and disposal costs.
Fire and Wind Resistance
Many asphalt shingles come with a Class A fire rating, the highest available. Higher-quality shingles also offer good wind resistance, typically rated up to 110–130 mph depending on the manufacturer.
Sound Insulation
Compared to metal or tile roofs, asphalt shingles provide better sound dampening, especially during rain or hailstorms.
Energy Efficiency
Some asphalt shingles are designed with reflective coatings that help reduce heat absorption, potentially lowering cooling costs during warmer months.
5. Potential Drawbacks
Shorter Lifespan Compared to Premium Materials
While asphalt composition shingles offer decent longevity, they don’t last as long as metal, tile, or slate roofs.
Susceptible to Weather Damage
They can be vulnerable to damage from high winds, hail, and extreme heat. Shingles may curl, crack, or blow off in severe weather if not properly installed or maintained.
Algae and Moss Growth
In shaded or humid climates, shingles may develop algae or moss over time. Though not immediately damaging, this can stain the roof and shorten its lifespan if left untreated.
Environmental Concerns
Although some recycling programs exist, not all asphalt shingles are recycled after removal, leading to environmental waste. However, some manufacturers now include recycled materials in their products.
6. Installation Process
1. Roof Inspection and Prep
The process begins with checking the roof deck for damage. Any old shingles are removed unless local codes allow new shingles to be installed over the old ones.
2. Underlayment Installation
A water-resistant barrier is rolled out to protect the structure beneath the shingles.
3. Starter Shingles and Edge Sealing
Special starter strips are applied to the roof edges to help seal and align the first course of shingles.
4. Field Shingle Application
Shingles are installed in a staggered pattern from bottom to top, secured with roofing nails. Roof valleys, hips, and ridges receive special attention to ensure watertight seals.
5. Ventilation and Flashing
Proper attic ventilation is installed or maintained, and metal flashing is added around chimneys, vents, and roof edges for extra leak protection.
6. Ridge Cap Installation
The final step is to apply ridge cap shingles, which cover the roof’s peak and help prevent moisture intrusion.
7. Maintenance Tips
To keep asphalt composition shingles in top condition, consider the following:
- Annual Inspections: Check for missing, cracked, or curled shingles, especially after heavy storms.
- Clean Gutters: Ensure proper drainage to avoid water buildup and damage.
- Trim Nearby Trees: Overhanging branches can scrape shingles and drop debris that retains moisture.
- Remove Moss and Algae: Use a gentle cleaning solution or install zinc strips to deter growth.
- Prompt Repairs: Fix small problems before they escalate into leaks or structural damage.
8. Cost Breakdown
The cost of installing asphalt composition shingles can vary widely depending on your location, roof size, and the type of shingle you choose. Here’s a general estimate:
| Shingle Type | Material + Installation Cost per Sq. Ft. |
|---|---|
| Three-tab shingles | $3.50 – $5.50 |
| Architectural shingles | $4.50 – $7.50 |
| Designer shingles | $7.00 – $12.00 |
For a standard 2,000 square foot roof, total costs could range from $7,000 to $24,000.
Remember, higher-quality shingles may cost more upfront but could reduce long-term maintenance and replacement costs.
9. Comparison With Other Roofing Materials
| Material | Average Lifespan | Cost Range (per sq. ft.) | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asphalt Composition | 15–30 years | $3.50 – $7.50 | Affordable, easy to install | Shorter lifespan |
| Metal | 40–70+ years | $8.00 – $14.00 | Long-lasting, fire resistant | Higher upfront cost |
| Wood Shingles/Shakes | 25–40 years | $6.00 – $9.00 | Natural appearance | Prone to fire and insects |
| Clay/Concrete Tile | 50–100 years | $10.00 – $20.00 | Extremely durable | Very heavy, expensive |
| Slate | 75–100+ years | $15.00 – $30.00 | Premium appearance, ultra-durable | Very heavy, very expensive |
10. Final Thoughts
Asphalt composition shingles offer a practical, versatile, and affordable roofing option that suits a wide range of homes and budgets. They may not last as long as some premium materials, but their balance of cost, appearance, and performance keeps them at the top of the list for most homeowners.
When properly installed and maintained, they provide decades of protection with relatively low effort. Whether you’re re-roofing an older home or choosing materials for a new build, asphalt composition shingles deserve serious consideration. 440-235-3124
