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Gravel Roofs: Everything You Need to Know About Installation, Maintenance, and Benefits
A gravel roof is one of the most durable and cost-effective roofing solutions available for commercial and some residential properties. Also known as built-up roofing (BUR), gravel roofs have been a staple in the roofing industry for decades. They offer excellent protection against weather, UV rays, and fire while providing a long lifespan with proper installation and maintenance.
At S&K Construction and Remodeling LLC, we specialize in high-quality roofing services, including gravel roof installation, repair, and maintenance for businesses and homeowners in Northeast Ohio, including Youngstown, Cleveland, Akron, and surrounding areas. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll cover everything you need to know about gravel roofs, from their construction and benefits to maintenance tips and replacement considerations.
1. What Is a Gravel Roof?
A gravel roof, commonly referred to as a built-up roof (BUR), is a type of flat or low-slope roof made up of multiple layers of asphalt-saturated felt or synthetic membranes, topped with a layer of gravel. This design offers several advantages:
- Durability: Multiple layers provide superior protection against punctures and leaks.
- UV protection: Gravel reflects UV rays, preventing premature degradation of asphalt layers.
- Fire resistance: The gravel layer acts as a protective shield against fire hazards.
Gravel roofs are popular for commercial buildings, warehouses, schools, and industrial facilities due to their long lifespan and cost-effectiveness. While less common on residential homes, they can be used on flat or low-slope residential structures.
2. Components of a Gravel Roof
A gravel roof consists of several essential components:
2.1 Roof Deck
The base of the roof, usually made of concrete, metal, or plywood, providing structural support.
2.2 Felt Layers
Multiple layers of asphalt-saturated felt or fiberglass membranes are applied to the deck, creating a strong, waterproof barrier.
2.3 Asphalt or Bitumen
Hot-applied or cold-applied asphalt binds the felt layers and acts as a waterproofing agent.
2.4 Gravel Surface
Crushed stone or gravel is embedded into the top layer of asphalt. This layer:
- Protects the asphalt from UV exposure
- Adds weight to prevent wind uplift
- Provides fire resistance
- Improves drainage and helps prevent ponding water
3. Benefits of a Gravel Roof
Gravel roofs offer numerous advantages, especially for commercial properties. Here’s why many building owners choose them:
3.1 Longevity
A properly installed gravel roof can last 20–30 years, or even longer with routine maintenance. Multiple layers reduce the likelihood of leaks and structural damage.
3.2 Cost-Effective
Gravel roofs are generally more affordable upfront compared to high-end membrane or metal roofing systems, especially for large commercial properties.
3.3 Fire Resistance
The combination of asphalt and gravel provides excellent fire protection, making it ideal for industrial sites.
3.4 UV and Weather Protection
Gravel shields the asphalt layers from harmful UV rays and extreme weather, preventing cracking and blistering.
3.5 Low Maintenance
While no roof is maintenance-free, gravel roofs require minimal upkeep compared to single-ply membranes or shingle systems.
3.6 Energy Efficiency
Light-colored gravel reflects sunlight, reducing heat absorption and keeping interior spaces cooler in the summer, which can reduce energy costs.
4. How Gravel Roofs Are Installed
A professional gravel roof installation involves several precise steps to ensure longevity and optimal performance.
Step 1: Roof Inspection
Before installation, the roofing contractor inspects the deck to ensure it’s structurally sound and free of rot or corrosion.
Step 2: Cleaning the Roof Deck
Any debris or moisture must be removed to ensure proper adhesion of the roofing materials.
Step 3: Installing Felt Layers
Multiple layers of asphalt-saturated felt or synthetic membranes are applied. Each layer is adhered with asphalt or hot tar to create a strong, waterproof base.
Step 4: Applying Asphalt
Hot or cold asphalt is applied over the felt layers to bind them together and add additional waterproofing.
Step 5: Spreading Gravel
A layer of crushed stone or gravel is uniformly spread over the asphalt while it’s still hot. The gravel becomes embedded and provides the protective benefits described above.
Step 6: Final Inspection
The contractor inspects the roof to ensure proper adhesion, drainage, and coverage.
At S&K Construction and Remodeling LLC, we use professional equipment and trained crews to guarantee a long-lasting gravel roof installation for our clients.
5. Common Issues With Gravel Roofs
While gravel roofs are durable, they aren’t completely maintenance-free. Common issues include:
5.1 Gravel Displacement
Strong winds or heavy rain can dislodge gravel, exposing asphalt layers to UV rays and reducing roof protection.
5.2 Ponding Water
Low-slope roofs may develop areas of standing water, which can weaken asphalt and lead to leaks.
5.3 Membrane Cracking
Temperature fluctuations can cause asphalt or felt layers to expand and contract, resulting in cracks.
5.4 Punctures
Foot traffic or falling debris can puncture asphalt layers, potentially causing leaks if not promptly addressed.
Regular inspections and preventative maintenance are crucial to extending the life of a gravel roof.
6. Gravel Roof Maintenance Tips
Maintaining a gravel roof is easier than many other commercial roof types but requires routine care:
6.1 Schedule Annual Inspections
Professional inspections can detect early signs of wear, ponding, or gravel displacement before they become costly problems.
6.2 Clear Debris
Remove leaves, branches, and other debris to ensure proper drainage and prevent moisture buildup.
6.3 Replenish Gravel
Over time, gravel can wash away. Adding new gravel helps maintain UV protection and fire resistance.
6.4 Repair Minor Damage Promptly
Fixing small punctures, cracks, or blisters can prevent major leaks and structural damage.
6.5 Monitor Flashing and Roof Edges
Check all edges, seams, and flashing around HVAC units or skylights for signs of damage.
At S&K Construction and Remodeling LLC, we offer professional maintenance services to keep your gravel roof in peak condition for decades.
7. Gravel Roof Replacement
Even the best-maintained gravel roof will eventually require replacement. Signs you need a full replacement include:
- Large areas of gravel loss exposing asphalt
- Widespread cracking or blistering
- Persistent leaks despite repairs
- Roof age exceeding 25–30 years
The replacement process generally involves tear-off of the old layers, inspection and repair of the deck, installation of new felt layers, asphalt application, and gravel topping.
8. Costs of Gravel Roof Installation and Replacement
The cost of a gravel roof depends on multiple factors:
- Roof size
- Number of felt layers
- Type of asphalt used (hot or cold)
- Gravel thickness and type
- Roof complexity and accessibility
Average costs for commercial gravel roofs range from $5 to $10 per square foot, with full replacements on large commercial buildings potentially costing $50,000 to $250,000 depending on size and scope.
At S&K Construction and Remodeling LLC, we provide detailed estimates and financing options to help businesses and property owners manage roofing costs efficiently.
9. Advantages Over Other Commercial Roof Types
Compared to single-ply membrane or metal roofs, gravel roofs offer:
- Better fire resistance
- Proven long-term durability
- Excellent UV protection
- Lower initial cost for large flat roofs
While metal or TPO roofs may offer slightly better energy efficiency or aesthetics, gravel roofs remain a highly reliable choice for businesses seeking long-term value and protection.
10. Choosing the Right Contractor
Installing or replacing a gravel roof is not a DIY project. Professional expertise is critical:
- Licensed and insured contractors ensure compliance with building codes.
- Experienced crews handle hot asphalt safely and effectively.
- Manufacturer-certified contractors like S&K Construction and Remodeling LLC guarantee quality materials and workmanship.
- Local experience ensures your roof withstands Northeast Ohio weather conditions.
Check reviews, ask for references, and confirm warranty options before hiring a contractor.
11. Why Choose S&K Construction and Remodeling LLC for Gravel Roofing
We’re a trusted roofing company in Northeast Ohio, offering full-service gravel roof solutions:
- Installation and replacement of commercial and residential gravel roofs
- Maintenance and inspection services to extend roof life
- Owens Corning Preferred Contractor status
- Outstanding customer service and Google reviews
- Financing options to fit your budget
Our goal is to provide long-lasting protection for your property with minimal disruption to your business operations.
12. Service Areas
We proudly serve a wide range of communities in Northeast Ohio, including:
- Youngstown
- Cleveland
- Akron
- Canton
- Mentor
- Wickliffe
- Medina
- Beachwood
- Twinsburg
- Chardon
